Difusión de la innovación y comercio internacional: la relación entre México y Estados Unidos
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Contenido principal del artículo
Este trabajo analiza la relación de largo plazo entre innovación, difusión tecnológica y comercio internacional, basado en el modelo de especialización ricardiana de Eaton y Kortum (2007). En particular, se emplean técnicas de cointegración para estimar los determinantes de la tasa de investigadores en México, dentro de la relación comercial con Estados Unidos en el periodo 1980-2006, y establecer así la existencia de relaciones estables entre las variables consideradas. La tasa a la que se crean ideas en Estados Unidos es notablemente mayor que en la economía mexicana. No obstante, la productividad investigadora parece ser más alta en México, aunque con mucha menos efectividad para reducir costos. Considerando las diferencias en la tasa de creación de ideas entre ambas economías, que afecta a la ta a de investigadores, se argumenta que la economía mexicana se especializa en investigación dentro de sectores de tecnología baja y media.
Aghion, P. y P. Howitt (1992), “A Model of Growth through Creative Destruction”. Econometrica, vol. 60-2, The Econometric Society.
Álvarez, F. y R. Lucas Jr. (2006), General Equilibrium Analysis of the Eaton-Kortum Model of International Trade, University of Chicago, USA.
Coe, D. y E. Helpman (1995), “International R&D Spillovers”, European Economic Review, vol. 39.
Cuthbertson, K., S. Hall y M. Taylor (1992), Applied Econometric Techniques, The University of Michigan Press.
Deardorff, V. (2007), The Ricardian Model, University of Michigan, USA.
Dombusch, R., S. Fischer y P. Samuelson (1977), “Comparative Advantage, Trade, and Payments in a Ricardian Model with a Continuum of Goods”, American Economic Review, 67.
Eaton, J. y S. Kortum (1996), “Technology and Bilateral Trade”, Seminar Paper 96-18 CIES.
Eaton, J. y S. Kortum (1999), “International Technology Diffusion: Theory and Measurement”, International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania vol. 40-3.
Eaton, J. y S. Kortum (2002), “Technology, Geography, and Trade”, Econometrica, vol. 70.
Eaton, J. y S. Kortum (2007), “Innovation, Diffusion, and Trade”, en Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and the Growth Mechanism if the Free-Enterprise Economics, editado por E. Sheshinski, R. Strom y W. Baumol, Princeton University Press.
Engle, R., D. Hendry y F. Richard (1983), “Exogeneity”, Econometrica, vol. 51-2. The Econometric Society.
Fransman, M. y K. King (1984), Technological Capability in the Third World, London: Macmillan.
Greenhalgh, C. (1990), “Innovation and Trade Performance in the United Kingdom”, Economic Journal, vol. 100.
Grossman, G. y E. Helpman (1991a), Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Grossman, G. y E. Helpman (1991b), “Trade, Knowledge Spillovers and Growth”, European Economic Review, vol. 35.
Grossman, G. y E. Helpman (1995), “Technology and Trade”, CEPR Discussion Paper no. 1134, London, Center for Economic Policy Research.
Harris, R. (1995), Using Cointegration Analysis in Econometric Modelling, London: Prentice Hall Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Helpman, E. y P. Krugman (1985), Market Structure and Foreign Trade: Increasing Returns, Imperfect Competition and International Economy, MIT Press. USA. International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania vol. 40-3.
Johansen, S. (1988), “Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors”, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, vol. 12-3.
Johansen, S. (1995), Likelihood-Based Inference in Cointegrated Vector Autoregressive Models, Oxford:Oxford University Press.
Johansen, S. y K. Juselius (1990), “Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration-With Applications to the Demand for Money”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, vol. 52-2.
Kortum, S. (1997), A Model of Research, Patenting, and Productivity Growth, Boston University-Institute for Economic Development.
Krugman, P. (1979), “Increasing Returns, Monopolistic Competition, and International Trade”, Journal of International Economics, vol.9.
Lefebvre, E., M. Bourgault y L. Lefebvre (1998), “R&D Related Capabilities as Determinants of Export Performance”, Small Business Economics, vol. 10.
Matsuyama, K. (1999), A Ricardian Model with a Continuum of Goods Under Nonhomothetic Preferences: Demand Complementarities, Income Distribution, and North-South Trade, Northwestern University, USA.
Posner, V. (1961), “International Trade and Technical Change”, Oxford Economic Papers, vol. 3.
Vernon, R. (1966), “International Investment and International Trade in the Product cycle”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 80.
Wakelin, K. (1998), “Innovation and Export Behavior at the Firm Level”, Research Policy, vol. 26.
Detalles del artículo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Contenido principal del artículo
Este trabajo analiza la relación de largo plazo entre innovación, difusión tecnológica y comercio internacional, basado en el modelo de especialización ricardiana de Eaton y Kortum (2007). En particular, se emplean técnicas de cointegración para estimar los determinantes de la tasa de investigadores en México, dentro de la relación comercial con Estados Unidos en el periodo 1980-2006, y establecer así la existencia de relaciones estables entre las variables consideradas. La tasa a la que se crean ideas en Estados Unidos es notablemente mayor que en la economía mexicana. No obstante, la productividad investigadora parece ser más alta en México, aunque con mucha menos efectividad para reducir costos. Considerando las diferencias en la tasa de creación de ideas entre ambas economías, que afecta a la ta a de investigadores, se argumenta que la economía mexicana se especializa en investigación dentro de sectores de tecnología baja y media.
Aghion, P. y P. Howitt (1992), “A Model of Growth through Creative Destruction”. Econometrica, vol. 60-2, The Econometric Society.
Álvarez, F. y R. Lucas Jr. (2006), General Equilibrium Analysis of the Eaton-Kortum Model of International Trade, University of Chicago, USA.
Coe, D. y E. Helpman (1995), “International R&D Spillovers”, European Economic Review, vol. 39.
Cuthbertson, K., S. Hall y M. Taylor (1992), Applied Econometric Techniques, The University of Michigan Press.
Deardorff, V. (2007), The Ricardian Model, University of Michigan, USA.
Dombusch, R., S. Fischer y P. Samuelson (1977), “Comparative Advantage, Trade, and Payments in a Ricardian Model with a Continuum of Goods”, American Economic Review, 67.
Eaton, J. y S. Kortum (1996), “Technology and Bilateral Trade”, Seminar Paper 96-18 CIES.
Eaton, J. y S. Kortum (1999), “International Technology Diffusion: Theory and Measurement”, International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania vol. 40-3.
Eaton, J. y S. Kortum (2002), “Technology, Geography, and Trade”, Econometrica, vol. 70.
Eaton, J. y S. Kortum (2007), “Innovation, Diffusion, and Trade”, en Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and the Growth Mechanism if the Free-Enterprise Economics, editado por E. Sheshinski, R. Strom y W. Baumol, Princeton University Press.
Engle, R., D. Hendry y F. Richard (1983), “Exogeneity”, Econometrica, vol. 51-2. The Econometric Society.
Fransman, M. y K. King (1984), Technological Capability in the Third World, London: Macmillan.
Greenhalgh, C. (1990), “Innovation and Trade Performance in the United Kingdom”, Economic Journal, vol. 100.
Grossman, G. y E. Helpman (1991a), Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Grossman, G. y E. Helpman (1991b), “Trade, Knowledge Spillovers and Growth”, European Economic Review, vol. 35.
Grossman, G. y E. Helpman (1995), “Technology and Trade”, CEPR Discussion Paper no. 1134, London, Center for Economic Policy Research.
Harris, R. (1995), Using Cointegration Analysis in Econometric Modelling, London: Prentice Hall Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Helpman, E. y P. Krugman (1985), Market Structure and Foreign Trade: Increasing Returns, Imperfect Competition and International Economy, MIT Press. USA. International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania vol. 40-3.
Johansen, S. (1988), “Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors”, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, vol. 12-3.
Johansen, S. (1995), Likelihood-Based Inference in Cointegrated Vector Autoregressive Models, Oxford:Oxford University Press.
Johansen, S. y K. Juselius (1990), “Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration-With Applications to the Demand for Money”, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, vol. 52-2.
Kortum, S. (1997), A Model of Research, Patenting, and Productivity Growth, Boston University-Institute for Economic Development.
Krugman, P. (1979), “Increasing Returns, Monopolistic Competition, and International Trade”, Journal of International Economics, vol.9.
Lefebvre, E., M. Bourgault y L. Lefebvre (1998), “R&D Related Capabilities as Determinants of Export Performance”, Small Business Economics, vol. 10.
Matsuyama, K. (1999), A Ricardian Model with a Continuum of Goods Under Nonhomothetic Preferences: Demand Complementarities, Income Distribution, and North-South Trade, Northwestern University, USA.
Posner, V. (1961), “International Trade and Technical Change”, Oxford Economic Papers, vol. 3.
Vernon, R. (1966), “International Investment and International Trade in the Product cycle”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 80.
Wakelin, K. (1998), “Innovation and Export Behavior at the Firm Level”, Research Policy, vol. 26.
Detalles del artículo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.