¿Contribuyen las exportaciones a la reducción de la pobreza? Un estudio comparativo de América Latina y Asia

El documento tiene como objetivo determinar el efecto de las exportaciones sobre la pobreza para un grupo de 68 países en el período 2009-2021. La muestra total se divide según la participación de cada país en las cadenas globales de valor como medida de integración en la economía internacional. El análisis se extiende a los casos de América Latina y Asia. Se utiliza una metodología econométrica de datos de panel dinámico (sys-GMM). Los re- sultados sugieren que las exportaciones contribuyen a reducir la pobreza media, extrema y moderada. El impacto es mayor en los países con menor integración comercial. Las exportaciones tienden a reducir la pobreza junto con niveles más altos de gasto público, educación y remesas. Finalmente, el efecto exportador es mayor para los países asiáticos. La agenda de desarro- llo debe complementarse con políticas comerciales que promuevan las ex- portaciones y la integración comercial, incorporando medidas que reduzcan la vulnerabilidad externa.

Exportaciones, Pobreza, Cadenas globales de valor, América Latina, Asia

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